The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has projected less rains in some regions, which could affect crop production in those areas, the Economic Survey 2018-19 said, and called for framing new policies to improve water use efficiency in the agriculture sector.

Expressing concern that India will be in the global hotspot for “water insecurity” by 2050, it said the focus in agriculture should shift from “land productivity” to “irrigation water productivity”.

“Therefore, devising policies to incentivise farmers to adopt efficient ways of water use should become a national priority to avert the looming water crisis,” the survey said.

The IMD has predicted near normal southwest monsoon this year. However, there was a 33 per cent deficiency in rainfall during June that led to less coverage of kharif crops. The IMD has also said that rains in July and August would be good.

“The IMD has predicted the rainfall over the country as a whole is likely to be near normal this year. This should lead to improvement in agriculture sector growth. However, according to the IMD, some regions are expected to receive less than normal rains. This could prove to be detrimental for crop production in certain affected areas,” the survey said.

Noting that the agriculture sector is highly dependent on water, the survey said there is a major concern whether the present practice of groundwater use can be sustained as the depth of the groundwater level continues to drop.

Around 89 per cent of groundwater extracted is used for irrigation and crops such as paddy, and sugarcane consume more than 60 per cent of irrigation water, it said.

“Focus should shift from land productivity to ‘irrigation water productivity’. Therefore, devising policies to incentivise farmers to improve water use should become a national priority,” it suggested.

Thrust should be on micro-irrigation (MI) that can improve water use efficiency, the survey said, suggesting the government to replace subsidies to MI supporting cropping pattern in view of the high cost of installation.

A combination of measures, which suit the local agro-economic context, need to be applied to improve irrigation productivity in agriculture that will reflect sustainable water use in agriculture, it said.

Observing that fertiliser response ratio has been declining over time, the survey said organic and natural farming techniques, including Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF), can improve both water use efficiency and soil fertility.

Adopting appropriate technologies through custom hiring centres and implementation of information and communication technologies are critical to improve resource use efficiency among small and marginal farmers, it said.

That apart, diversification of livelihoods is critical for inclusive and sustainable development in agriculture and allied sectors. Policies should focus on dairying, livestock rearing particularly of small ruminants and fisheries sector, it added.

Stating that farmer sector growth witnessed a tapering in 2018-19, the survey said the share of farm sector in total gross value added (GVA) has been consistently falling and now stands at 16.1 per cent in the last fiscal.

The agriculture sector had an investment rate much less than half of that of the services and industry sectors.

As per the third advance estimates released by the agriculture ministry, the total production of foodgrains during 2018-19 is estimated at 283.4 million tonnes, as compared to 285 million tonnes in 2017-18 crop year (July-June).