Grid Controller of India Limited (GRID-INDIA) has been designated as a Miniratna Category-I Central Public Sector Enterprise by the ministry of power.

This recognition underscores GRID-INDIA’s pivotal role in the nation's power landscape.

Grid Controller of India Limited (GRID-INDIA)

• Grid Controller of India Limited (GRID-INDIA) was earlier named Power System Operation Corporation Ltd (POSOCO).

• It was incorporated in March 2009 as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Power Grid Corporation of India Limited (POWERGRID) to take over the system operations and market operations, which were earlier, carried out by the POWERGRID.

• Power system operation is a mission critical function of national importance for smooth evacuation of power from generating stations and supply to the end consumers in the electricity supply value chain. 

• Power system operation involves taking care of the overall reliability, security, economy and efficiency of the power system.

• GRID-INDIA operates the power system of the country through National Load Despatch Centre (NLDC) in New Delhi and Regional Load Despatch Centres (RLDCs) at New Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Bangalore and Shillong. 

• GRID-INDIA has the responsibility of operating the all India synchronous grid, one of the largest and most complex in the world, ensuring reliability and security.

• It facilitates the inter-state transmission of power to utilities across India.

• GRID-INDIA is also designated as the nodal agency for major reforms in the power sector such as implementation and operation of Green Energy Open Access Portal, Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) Mechanism, transmission pricing, short-term open access in transmission, deviation settlement mechanism, Power System Development Fund (PSDF), etc.

Functions of GRID-INDIA:

• To supervise and control all aspects concerning operations and manpower requirements of NLDC and RLDCs.

• To act as the apex organisation for human resources requirement of NLDC and RLDCs.

• To ensure planning and implementation of infrastructure required for smooth operation and development of NLDC and RLDCs.

• To coordinate the functioning of NLDC and all RLDCs.

• To advise and assist state level Load Dispatch Centres, including specialised training, etc.

• To perform any other function entrusted to it by the ministry of power.

What is Maharatna, Navratna and Miniratna status?

Under Articles of Association, the board of directors of Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) enjoys autonomy in respect of recruitment, promotion and other service conditions of below board level employees. 

The board of directors of a CPSE exercises delegated powers subject to broad policy guidelines issued by the government from time to time. 

The government has granted enhanced powers to the Boards of the profit-making enterprises under various schemes like Maharatna, Navratna and Miniratna.

Maharatna scheme

• The main objective of the Maharatna scheme which was introduced in 2010 is to empower mega CPSEs to expand their operations and emerge as global giants.

• Maharatna CPSEs compared to others are given greater autonomy for flexibility in respect of capital expenditure, formation of strategic alliance, formulation of HR policies, etc.

• The Board of a Maharatna CPSE can make equity investments to undertake financial joint ventures and wholly-owned subsidiaries and undertake mergers and acquisitions in India and abroad, subject to a ceiling of 15 per cent of the networth of the concerned CPSE, limited to Rs 5,000 crore in one project.

• The board can also structure and implement schemes relating to personnel and human resource management and training. They can also enter into technology joint ventures or other strategic alliances.

Eligibility criteria for grant of Maharatna status

The CPSEs meeting the following eligibility criteria are considered for Maharatna status:

a) Having Navratna status.

b) Listed on Indian stock exchange with minimum prescribed public shareholding under SEBI regulations.

c) An average annual turnover of more than Rs 25,000 crore during the last three years.

d) An average annual net worth of more than Rs 15,000 crore during the last three years.

e) An average annual net profit after tax of more than Rs 5,000 crore during the last three years.

f) Should have significant global presence/international operations.

The Maharatna CPSEs are:

1) Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited

2) Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited

3) Coal India Limited

4) GAIL India Limited

5) Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited

6) Indian Oil Corporation Limited

7) NTPC Limited

8) Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Limited

9) Power Grid Corporation of India Limited

10) Steel Authority of India Limited

11) Power Finance Corporation Limited (PFC).

12) Rural Electrification Corporation Limited

13) Oil India Ltd.

Navratna scheme

The government introduced the Navratna scheme in 1997.

Under this scheme, the Boards of Navratna CPSEs have been delegated enhanced powers in the areas of:

i) Capital expenditure

ii) Investment in joint ventures/subsidiaries

iii) Mergers & acquisitions

iv) Human resources management, etc.

Eligibility criteria for grant of Navratna status

The CPSEs which are Miniratna I, Schedule ‘A’ and have obtained ‘excellent’ or ‘very good’ MOU rating in three of the last five years and have a ‘Composite Score’ of performance to be 60 or above in six identified performance parameters are eligible to be considered for grant of Navratna status. 

The parameters are:

1) Net Profit to Net worth

2) Manpower Cost to total Cost of Production or Cost of Services

3) Profit Before Depreciation, Interest and Tax (PBDIT) to Capital Employed 

4) Profit Before Interest and Tax (PBIT) to Turnover

5) Earning Per Share

6) Inter-Sectoral Performance.

Navratna CPSEs are:

1) Bharat Electronics Limited

2) Container Corporation of India Limited

3) Engineers India Limited

4) Hindustan Aeronautics Limited

5) Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited

6) National Aluminium Company Limited

7) National Buildings Construction Corporation Limited

8) Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited

9) NMDC Limited

10) Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited

11) Shipping Corporation of India Limited.

12) Rail Vikas Nigam Limited

13) ONGC Videsh Ltd

14) Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers Limited

15) IRCON International Limited

16) RITES Limited.

Miniratna scheme

• In October 1997, the government decided to grant enhanced autonomy and delegation of financial powers to some other profit making companies subject to certain eligibility conditions and guidelines to make them efficient and competitive.

• These companies, called Miniratnas, are in two categories, namely, Category- I and Category-II.

• Category-I CPSEs should have made profit in the last three years continuously, the pre-tax profit should have been Rs 30 crore or more in at least one of the three years and should have a positive net worth.

• Category-II CPSEs should have made profit for the last three years continuously and should have a positive net worth.

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