• Goods and Services Tax (GST) collections rose 12.6 per cent year-on-year to an all-time high of about Rs 2.37 lakh crore in April.

• The GST mop-up was Rs 2.10 lakh crore in April 2024 — the second highest collection ever since GST was rolled out on July 1, 2017. 

• In March 2025, the collection was Rs 1.96 lakh crore.

• According to the latest government data, GST revenue from domestic transactions rose 10.7 per cent to about Rs 1.9 lakh crore, while revenue from imported goods was up 20.8 per cent to Rs 46,913 crore.

• Refunds issuance rose 48.3 per cent to Rs 27,341 crore during April.

• After adjusting refunds, net GST collection rose 9.1 per cent to over Rs 2.09 lakh crore in April.

• Central GST collection from domestic transactions stood at Rs 48,634 crore in April, while state GST mop-up was Rs 59,372 crore. Integrated GST and cess collection were Rs 69,504 crore and Rs 12,293 crore, respectively, from domestic transactions.

Goods and Services Tax (GST)

• The introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) regime in the country was a very significant step in the field of indirect tax reforms in India. By amalgamating a large number of central and state taxes into a single tax, the aim was to mitigate cascading or double taxation in a major way and pave the way for a common national market.

• Before implementation of the GST regime in the country, the issue was deliberated in detail by the empowered committee of state finance ministers, select committee of Rajya Sabha and Parliamentary Standing Committee on Finance.

• After detailed and prolonged deliberation, the Constitution (One Hundred and First Amendment) Act, after ratification by 50 per cent of the states, was assented to by the President on September 8, 2016. Thereafter, Central Goods and Services Tax (CGST) Act, Integrated Goods and Services Tax (IGST) Act, Union Territory Goods and Services Tax (UTGST) Act, and Goods and Services Tax (Compensation to States) Act were enacted in order to achieve a successful rollout of the GST regime in the country from July 1, 2017.

• With GST, India took a quantum leap towards the goal of establishing ‘one nation, one market’ by dismantling multiple taxes and unifying them into a single tax.

GST Council

• Goods and Services Tax Council is a constitutional body for making recommendations to the Union and state government on issues related to GST. The GST Council is chaired by the Union Finance Minister.

As per Article 279A of the amended Constitution, the GST Council, which will be a joint forum of the Centre and the states, shall consist of the following members:

a) The Union finance minister (chairperson).

b) The Union minister of state in charge of revenue or finance.

c) The minister in charge of finance or taxation or any other minister nominated by each state government.

• As per Article 279A(4), the Council will make recommendations to the Union and the states on important issues related to GST, like the goods and services that may be subjected or exempted from GST, model GST Laws, principles that govern Place of Supply, threshold limits, GST rates including the floor rates with bands, special rates for raising additional resources during natural calamities/disasters, special provisions for certain states, etc.

GST rate structure

• The GST rates on goods and services were initially fitted into four slabs largely based on the pre-GST indirect tax incidence both of Centre and states, including the embedded taxes. 

They are:

i) 5 per cent

ii) 12 per cent

iii) 18 per cent

iv) 28 per cent. 

• The GST rate structure has evolved with extensive deliberations in the GST Council and the four rate structure is a huge simplification over the multitude of taxes and cess with multiple state wise rates. GST rate structure has been further simplified after the roll out of GST. 

GST compensation to states

• The Goods and Service Tax (Compensation to States) Bill, 2017 was passed by Lok Sabha on March 29, 2017 to provide for compensation to the states for the loss of revenue arising on account of implementation of the GST in pursuance of the provision of the Constitution (One Hundred and First Amendment) Act, 2016. 

• Accordingly, GST compensation Act has been enacted which provides a detailed mechanism for compensation to the states for loss on account of implementation of GST. For the purpose of GST compensation to states, a cess known as Compensation Cess is being levied on luxury and demerit goods and proceeds of such cess is being credited to a separate Public Account fund known as Compensation Fund.

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