• ISRO has unveiled a model of the Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS) module during the  National Space Day celebrations in New Delhi.

• India plans to launch the first module of the BAS, its own home-built space station, by 2028, marking its entry into the group of a handful of nations that operate orbital laboratories.

• India plans to have five modules of the Bhartiya Antariksh Station in place by 2035 as part of its ambitious plans for the space sector.

• The BAS is expected to serve as a research platform for studying various aspects of space, life sciences, medicine, and interplanetary exploration. 

• Presently, there are two orbital laboratories — the International Space Station operated by five space agencies, and the Tiangong space station of China.

How will the space station benefit India?

• A national space-based facility such as the Bharatiya Antariksh Station will boost microgravity based scientific research & technology development activities. However, it also entails substantial technical, financial, and logistical challenges.

• Microgravity Experiments: A space station would allow India to conduct scientific experiments in a microgravity environment, enabling potential breakthroughs in materials science, biology, and medicine. 

• For example, studies on the International Space Station (ISS) have shown that certain plants, such as Chinese cabbage, develop differently in space, providing insights for agriculture and food sustainability.

• Innovation: The design, construction, and operation of a space station drive technological advancements in life support, robotics, space habitats, and other high-tech areas essential for sustained space missions.

• Leadership and Prestige: Owning and operating a space station would elevate India’s position as a leader in space exploration, fostering international partnerships and enhancing its global reputation. It would also open opportunities for Indian companies in satellite manufacturing, servicing, and the broader aerospace sector.

• Human Spaceflight Experience: Building on experience from the upcoming Gaganyaan mission, a space station would allow Indian astronauts to engage in long-duration missions, gaining valuable experience and contributing to further crewed missions.

International Space Station

• A partnership between European countries (represented by European Space Agency), the United States (NASA), Japan (JAXA, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), Canada (CSA, Canadian Space Agency) and Russia (Roscosmos), the International Space Station is the world’s largest international cooperative programme in science and technology.

• The International Space Station weighs almost 400 tonnes and covers an area as big as a football pitch.

• It would have been impossible to build the Space Station on Earth and then launch it into space in one go. There is no rocket big enough or powerful enough. To get round this problem the ISS was taken into space piece-by-piece and gradually built in orbit, approximately 400 km above the Earth’s surface. This assembly required more than 40 missions.

• The first piece of the ISS was launched in 1998. A Russian rocket launched that piece. After that, more pieces were added. Two years later, the station was ready for people. 

• The first crew arrived on November 2, 2000. People have lived on the space station ever since. 

• Over time, more pieces have been added. NASA and its partners around the world finished the space station in 2011.

• The ISS circles the Earth taking 90-93 minutes. The exact number of orbits per day is usually less than 16 (generally 15.5 to 15.9 orbits/day).

• The ISS is the ninth space station to be inhabited by crews, following the Soviet and later Russian Salyut, Almaz, and Mir stations as well as Skylab from the US.

• The unique microgravity laboratory has hosted more than 3,000 research investigations from over 4,200 researchers across the world.

The plan to crash ISS

• NASA is targeting to de-orbit the ISS and make it crash in the South Pacific Oceanic Uninhabited Area, the area around Point Nemo in 2031.

• Point Nemo, also known as the spacecraft cemetery, is the location in the ocean that is farthest from land. Many old satellites and other space debris have crashed there.

• The area is named after the famous submarine sailor from Jules Verne’s ‘Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea’.

• This remote oceanic location is about 2,688 kilometers from the nearest land — Ducie Island, part of the Pitcairn Islands, to the north; Motu Nui, one of the Easter Islands, to the northeast; and Maher Island, part of Antarctica, to the south.